A Biased View of Leak Detection

Top Guidelines Of Tankless Water Heaters


If you experience a malfunctioning water heating unit, your pilot burner may be out, or natural resource might have accumulated in your hot water heating system. A malfunctioning thermostat or thermocouple can also contribute to damaged hot water heater. A slow-moving or clogged sewer line can cause sewage to back up as well as out of bathrooms, tubs, showers, or flooring drains.


Tree origins additionally can attack or break pipes, and also older sewage system lines may fall down. When blocked sewer lines have created, they can come to be really pricey to repair. If the water remains to climb in the dish when you flush the toilet, you likely have a blockage in the bathroom or in the pipeline leading to the major sewer line.


We recommend having your pipes system examined when every year or whenever you discover a plumbing issue. This service consists of a visual evaluation of your entire pipes system.




Drain Cleaning Can Be Fun For Everyone


Our certified plumbing technicians are adeptly trained to handle any type of pipes task big or tiny and also can restore your plumbing components in no time.


Obstructions in drain lines are much more serious in regards to common pipes problems. Unlike a blockage in a drain line, they create troubles around the house, not simply in one room or component. The signs of a drain line blockage consist of slow-moving or clogged up drains pipes, gurgling noises from drains pipes, water back-up in showers or bath tubs when commodes are purged, as well as bubbling from toilet water or faucets.


During their evaluation, the plumbing technician will likewise identify if your pipes have broken because of age and allowed outside materials to work out in the line as well as quit drain in this case, your sewer line requires to be changed. Icy pipes are one of the common pipes troubles that call for emergency pipes services due to the prospective damages and also hazards they present.




All about Emergency Plumber Help


The reason may be old pipelines and links that have started to put on out, or a problem such as inappropriate water stress is potentially destructive your pipes. Usage leakage tape prior to your plumbing brows through to maintain leak included. Then, call a specialist. They take care of the underlying problem as opposed to the surface-level concern.


Though it is just one of the most basic plumbing problems, numerous believe this problem doesn't need interest. Frequently, homeowners pass it off as a convenience concern and also miss more investigation. Your convenience issues and these concerns need to be looked right into by a professional not only to improve your fulfillment with your plumbing system however to deal with the reason to prevent future concerns.




Warm water can assist damage down as well as remove the build-up of oils and various other materials that can trigger clogs. This combination can be quite effective in cleaning up drains pipes. Put half a mug of cooking soda away, complied with by half a mug of vinegar. Wait 15-20 minutes and afterwards rinse with hot water.




An Unbiased View of Drain Cleaning


Water Leak RepairWater Leak Repair
For persistent or unexpected issues, resort to the pipes professionals at KS Services for high quality plumbing fixings and also services. At the end of the day, professional aid from plumbing professionals guarantees your water moves as it should. While at-home solutions temporarily repair your hard plumbing issues, they do not treat underlying problems.


To aid you conserve money on pricey repairs, we have actually put together a checklist of 5 common plumbing troubles in residences and their causes. Now, this is something you never ever intend to see! Not just will you no longer have use of the commode, however there's possibility for water damages and unhygienic scenarios.


This can occur throughout a cool winter if a pipe freezes over. The surge in stress along the pipe due to the formation of ice may cause side bursting as well as flooding.




Unknown Facts About Water Leak Repair


To stop a sewage system flooding in your home, work with a plumbing professional that has experience with sewer repairs. If there is no water originating from your kitchen area or restroom sink, we recommend contacting your neighbors to confirm if they are having the exact same plumbing trouble. This issue might be brought on by a community water concern.


When it look at here now pertains to your home's pipes system, it's a good concept to have an read what he said idea of one of the most common family plumbing troubles along with what to do if you encounter one. Right here are the top 10 most typical plumbing issues and some practical suggestions in managing them. Drip.




Tankless Water HeatersWater Leak Repair
Egg shells are negative, too (tankless water heaters). There's no uncertainty the winters in Dwight, Illinois, can produce severe problems, and also your home's pipes aren't unsusceptible to enduring the consequences. If your pipes have iced up, it's essential that you speak to a professional plumbing technician. Below's just how to avoid freezing pipelines to avoid this potentially expensive as well as difficult fixing.




How Emergency Plumber Help can Save You Time, Stress, and Money.


The ideal method to handle a negative shutoff valve is to change it with a brand-new quarter-turn round shutoff. emergency plumber help. This sort of valve hardly ever leakages, secures or uses out. It likewise only takes an hour to install. Significant pipes repair services must be delegated the experts to avoid further damages to your pipelines as well as other water fixtures.




Leak DetectionTankless Water Heaters
Every home has pipes problems every when in a while, despite exactly how old or brand-new the home's pipes system is. There could be a plethora of issues connected to your piping, components, septic systems, and also much more that are more typical than you may believe. Deterioration gradually is completely typical and also small components attached to your pipelines and fixtures can conveniently wear away often quicker than their navigate to this site recommended lifespan.

 

How Water Heaters Longview can Save You Time, Stress, and Money.

Bird Dog Plumbing Drain Cleaning - Questions


As of 2020, around 481,472 individuals in the United States were functioning in the plumbing sector. It reveals the demand for plumbing technicians and the extent of this sector in the future.


A complete list of various will offer you an examine what you can consider contributing to your business offerings. Table of Content The household and commercial space proprietors can not reject the necessity of expert plumbing solutions. Gone are the days when individuals appreciated a professional plumbing technician just when the damages was done.


When it comes to any kind of feasible issue, it can be fixed at the earliest prior to the damage ends up being more harmful for the home or industrial room. The requirement for plumbing fixings can arise unexpectedly any time. A perfect sewer system, pipes arrangement, and also tapware connection become part of the tranquil livelihoods of individuals.




Bird Dog Plumbing for Dummies


 


But planning to start a pipes service that pays yet helpful organization, one requires to choose what solutions they desire to provide. There are lots of choices available for local business owner to select from. Although you can use all the plumbing solutions, you still require to concentrate on a few initial ones to achieve proficiency.


Gas plumbing might not be a common service with the majority of plumbing companies, however it is still a really experienced solution popular. The certified gas fitters hold the permit to mount, repair, as well as replace gas pipes. They have experience in gas pipeline leakage discovery, gas pipe installment, and installment of gas home appliances (barbecue grill, gas cooktops, heating systems, gas fireplaces, heating up systems, as well as gas ovens).


A professional plumbing with know-how in gas services will always be contacted, also for small leakage or other associated problems. It is due to the fact that overlooking the gas line troubles can be lethal. Consequently, with such understanding, residential as well as commercial area owners will constantly hire professional plumbing solutions for routine checks of their gas lines.




Not known Facts About Water Heaters Longview


Bird Dog Plumbing Drain CleaningWater Heaters Longview

 



This method, you can market your solution as well as get more projects for a better organization end result. A stopped up drain is one of the most usual problem that homeowners encounter and also often requires the assistance of professional plumbing technicians. But drainpipe clogging is not simply the only drainage concern that individuals deal with. The drainage solution plumbing professionals additionally attend to issues such as negative smell, repeating obstructions, swamping issues, as well as slow-moving water.




 


Picture being embeded a swamped washroom. Can you leave the issue to take care of later? Possibly not! When you provide skilled drain services to your customers in any kind of situation, ensure you share your contact with them to let them connect with you for any emergency water drainage issues. Market your availability also during strange hrs, as well as your services will certainly sell more.


Yet hot water heater are similar to any other device and also are linked to route family water lines. The flow of water goes through the water heater system and also gets warmed up to give you warm water from look at these guys the faucet outlets. There are a few circuitries and linked pipelines, as well as a water container to run the whole system.




Facts About Bird Dog Plumbing Drain Cleaning Revealed


Bird Dog Plumbing Toilet RepairBird Dog Plumbing Water Heaters
Train your professional plumbing professionals to take care of minor electrical wiring concerns in conventional water heating systems. This will certainly prepare your group to service collective issues that emerge with a water heating system. You may require to put your team for particular training to be proficient in handling water heating unit repair services as well as upkeep.


Most individuals obtain puzzled regarding whether to ask for drainage plumbing professionals or drain line plumbers for the sewer problems. Every debris or waste that decreases the skin or commode have to pass through linked pipelines as well as discover its method to the sewage system line. If the drain pipes get clogged in the center, and the waste does not obtain transferred in the sewage system lines, you will require to call a drain cleaning plumbing professional.


At the same time, the sewage system lines frequently obtain blocked with purged wastes and accumulation of oil, fat, or oil. When the particles adheres to the sewage system walls to block its flow, it will quickly start to block the drain pipelines too since the water flow will ultimately be quit at the sewer lines.




The Ultimate Guide To Bird Dog Plumbing Toilet Repair


Even the drainage plumbing professionals are educated to deal with small sewer clogs for office or house pipes systems - Bird Dog Plumbing Toilet Repair. It is a high profit-margin service for the pipes services, which they ought to have mandatorily consisted of.


Several of the tasks that your plumbers may have to do on receiving a require a water supply trouble are: Checking and repairing the warm water systems, Looking for correct supply of cold and hot water in the bathroom and kitchen Checking as well as fixing the link between rain storage tanks and the yard irrigation system The purpose of sanitary plumbers is to diagnose and also fix any feasible concerns connected to hygienic storage tanks as well as pipelines in both property and also commercial settings.




They manage services such as Cleaning, Click This Link unclogging, and also installing the bathroom and bathroom pipes Setting up, fixing, as well as replacing the tubs It is a bundled solution with lots of sub-expertises. Whether a person is constructing a brand-new house or is relocating right into an already-constructed residence, they will certainly require an extensive check of the pipes system around their home.




Some Known Details About Water Heaters Longview


They should take up a packed service consisting of evaluation, upkeep, repair, replacement, and setup of numerous components within the plumbing system. A household plumbing technician will work with various types of pipes fix drain services at the same time, including Inspection of every one of the plumbing components of your home. If discovered defective, they will either be fixed or replaced.

 

The Greatest Guide To Drain Cleaning

The 4-Minute Rule for Plumber Near Me

 

It can spoil your house's drain system in the future. Cat clutter incorporated with clay as well as sand creates big clumps and will certainly block your pipelines. Train the pet cat to utilize the clutter box. We would claim never ever flush out pet cat litter. Rather bag it up and throw it away with the trash.


Little items in some way find their way to the drain. Your youngster's toy car or pencil. These are the objects which must be disposed of in the garbage can, yet they mistakenly obtain purged out. To avoid this problem, beware as well as inform your kids concerning toilet components. You can make use of a sink guard for your bathroom and also kitchen area sink.


Do you recognize also the smallest split in the pipeline can permit nearby tree roots to function their method in? Tree roots then start expanding within the pipe, triggering a blocked drainpipe. It can seriously obstruct water circulation and also harm your drainage system. Unclogging such a drain can be challenging along with price numerous hundred bucks.

 

 

 

Getting My Main Line Drain Cleaning To Work

 

Floor ExcavationPlumbing
These products do not break down and can easily clog up the drainpipe. Be incredibly mindful when getting rid of these and do not flush them down the drainpipe.

 

 

 

 


Call the finest plumbing and drain cleaning company, Bluefrog Plumbing + Drain of San Antonio, TX. We have experienced plumbing professionals who can unblock all your drains and offer remedies to all your pipes problems.

 

 

 

 


Drains are one of one of the most important plumbing elements in your house. When they function, we rarely discover them, yet when one fails to work correctly due to blocking, it can be a bothersome as well as smelly mess. Avoid damages to your pipes system by dealing with clogged drains at an early stage. Rely on our plumbing experts at Benjamin Franklin Plumbing to supply fast, dependable stopped up drain cleaning company Our plumbing professionals have experience servicing numerous kinds of drains pipes and can service all your domestic drains pipes, including: Sink drains pipes, Commode drains pipes, Shower and also tub drains, Cleaning maker drains pipes, Floor drains pipes, Key line drains pipes, Landscape as well as lawn drains pipes, Basement drains, Sump pump drains pipes, When roots grow, they may penetrate and expand through a drain line.

 

 

 

Unknown Facts About Floor Excavation




Over time, various other international things can collect and clog a drain. A pipe can collapse or gradually alter alignment, triggering an obstruction.


That's why it's important to employ expert plumbers to properly examine as well as deal with the problem totally - Trenchless Pipelining. Our experts will completely evaluate any kind of clogged up drainpipe using our sophisticated plumbing tools, including electronic cameras, drainpipe augers, cleaning solutions, pipes, and also elimination tools. As soon as the blockage is identified, we'll not only carefully eliminate it, but additionally tidy and also evaluate your drain pipelines to avoid future obstructions or damage.


Lots of people associate drain issues with something close to the opening of their drain. Issues can begin deep inside a drainpipe's pipe, much from its opening. The complying with can cause drain blockages: Tree origins, Ground settling, Foreign things, Drain pipes pipe collapses, Disintegration, Misaligned drain pipe areas, Underground pipelines are prone to several all-natural blockages as well as international objects.

 

 

 

How Floor Excavation can Save You Time, Stress, and Money.

 

Drain Cleaning ServicesPlumber Near Me
Our advanced underground camera tools allow us to aesthetically evaluate also the most difficult-to-reach areas of plumbing. Indications of a stopped up drain consist of: Slow-draining showers and also tubs, Backed-up sinks, Gurgling sounds while draining, Unpleasant smells, Bubbling bathrooms when sink faucets are transformed on Plumbing technicians on our team are proficient, extremely trained, plumbing heating as well as completely certified to offer you with the client experience you should have.


When you work with a Benjamin Franklin plumber for clogged drains, we also guarantee: Expert, friendly mindsets Affordable, ahead of time prices Repair services on the spot100% Fulfillment 24/7 emergency solution Obstructed drains pipes must be attended to quickly as well as expertly. Count on our group of specialists to offer top quality stopped up drainpipe solutions that straight attend to the problem and also prevent future plumbing problems. Drain Cleaning Services.


Some drain blockages are concealed in your underground pipes, and inappropriate unclogging techniques can further harm your plumbing system or components. That's why for the majority of significant blockages, it's best to let an expert manage it.

 

 

 

The Drain Cleaning Diaries

 

 


But in some cases, a much deeper blockage, pipes problem, or blockage might be causing the blockage. Due to this, it's vital to have a specialist identify the cause. If properly diving your drainpipe does not eliminate the clog, it's constantly best to get in touch with a plumbing technician immediately. A pipes professional will have the ability to recognize specifically what's triggering the blockage, securely remove it, and utilize the ideal tools and also strategies to prevent future obstructions.

 

 

 

PipeliningPipelining
* Talk to your regional franchise business; solutions might vary by area.


One of the most annoying plumbing problems that property owners need to handle is a blocked drain. No matter what the source of the blockage is, it's always a pain when it happens. The bright side is that you can avoid serious obstructions from creating in your pipelines and also drains.

 

 

 

Get This Report about Drain Cleaning


This reason is so usual, it has its very own code word: F.O.G. Fat, oil, as well as grease (or F.O.G.) don't belong anywhere near your drains pipes. When these horrible food preparation by-products make their way down your drainpipe, they cool and also solidify right into find out a stubborn (and look what i found horrible) clog. F.O.G. obstructs develop up promptly, triggering damage to your pipes, leakages, and also flooding.


After cooking, put the results right into an empty container, like a coffee can, so you can properly throw away it later. Utilize a paper towel to absorb any excess F.O.G. from your pots and frying pans before washing them off. An additional among the typical reasons of blocked drains, particularly in showers and bath tubs, is hair.
 

Some Ideas on Water Leak Repair You Need To Know

The 3-Minute Rule for Drain Cleaning


After that, your sink ought to be all established to go. That said, if that straightforward repair does not fix the dripping faucet, there might be an issue with the nuts at the base of the tap - drain cleaning. In this situation, you'll simply want to tighten them with a wrench, and it must be great to go.


Renters will certainly usually complain that the water pressure is low, making it tough to shower, do recipes, and do various other house tasks. The initial step to taking care of a water stress problem is to try to find clogged drains or faucets throughout the rental. If that's not the underlying issue, after that you need to make use of a water stress gauge to see what's going on.




PlumberPlumber

Leak DetectionClogged Drain

You ought to examine your house's primary water valve to see if it's partially closed. Another prevalent pipes concern that landlords commonly face is leaking pipelines.


That claimed, if you see a dripping pipe, it's time to repair it immediately. You can adhere to these simple actions to deal with the pipeline on your own or call a maintenance expert for help: Switch off the general water system. Clean the location that's dripping as well as completely dry it thoroughly. Cover the dripping pipe location with epoxy and after that add rubber to seal it.


 

The smart Trick of Plumbing That Nobody is Discussing


Allow the option sit for at least an hour prior to transforming the water back on. With a commode frequently running, the water expense can swiftly come to be shocking.


Commonly, all you have to do is replace the flapper valve. Frequently, the flapper ends up being worn as well as rejects to secure properly. To fix this concern, you should purchase a brand-new flapper, which you can obtain for around $20 at your regional hardware store. Many of the moment, the flapper will feature instructions on exactly how to change it.




 


However, proprietors need to depend on occupants to report any type of pipes concerns within the rental house. In some cases, this means that they aren't reported or cared for ideal away, which can cause harm within the rental. That said, it's necessary to clearly mention maintenance methods in your lease arrangement to ensure that someone can deal with them without delay.




Recognize the Pipes Issue Contact Your Property Manager Instantly Tidy Up Any Type Of Water Puddles or Leaks Avoid Running Water Until it's Fixed Wait for Maintenance to find and Deal With the Problem Tenants might have the ability to resolve pipes issues by themselves sometimes. If the issue is also out of hand, it's important to call in a professional upkeep team for aid.




Leak Detection for Beginners


Some proprietors do not live near their rental residential or commercial properties or aren't available to come and fix pipes issues at any type of time of the day. The good news is, you do not have to be existing for your plumbing problems to obtain repaired.


Water is one of the most crucial things that humans require to make it through. It is practically difficult to last even someday without water - toilet overflow. Apart from eating it to hydrate our bodies, we likewise use it for countless other functions in our lives. This is why every one of our homes are fitted with pipes systems to offer water where essential.


Nevertheless, like every other point in this globe, plumbing systems also deal with issues after a long time of usage. You ought to be planned for these common problems and call a good whenever they happen. Below are several of the common plumbing problems that will most likely happen at your house: Among one of the most usual troubles that you can anticipate in your house is leaking pipes.


The leaks will grow with time and water will start spreading throughout towards undesirable places. Leaking water can damage the floor covering and additionally bring in insects, like roaches. Dealing with the leaks with tapes and fillers is just an excellent short-lived remedy as things will only get even worse from right here on.




6 Easy Facts About Plumber Shown


An additional typical plumbing issue that you can expect in your house is dripping faucets. It might feel like a similar trouble to leaky pipelines, yet it's entirely different. Typically, the dripping faucets are caused by a torn or displaced internal washer. All you have to do is alter the washing machine to address this issue.


Nonetheless, it is better to call a specialist, to repair it. Dripping taps should never ever be neglected as they can lose numerous gallons of water annually. Envision the water water leak detector costs you need to pay for such thrown away quantity. A sluggish draining pipes sink is just one of one of the most annoying points that you can experience in your cooking area.




 


Sinks typically get clogged with the smidgens as well as pieces of food that wash off the meals. Restroom sinks are obstructed with soap and knotted hair. Clearing up the sink blockage can be done in many means. You can use plungers or you can put down cooking soda or vinegar to get rid of the sink drain.


Water is one of the most vital points that human beings need to make it through. This is why all of our homes are fitted with plumbing systems to provide water where needed.




Examine This Report on Plumbing Services


However, like every other thing in this globe, pipes systems likewise encounter problems after time of usage. You ought to be gotten ready for these usual issues and call a good whenever they occur. Right here are some of the common plumbing troubles that will certainly most likely take place at your home: Among one of the most common problems that you can anticipate in your home is dripping pipes.


The leaks will certainly grow with time as well as water will start spreading out throughout in the direction of undesirable areas. Dripping water can damage the floor covering as well as additionally draw in pests, like read what he said cockroaches. Fixing the leaks with tapes and fillers is just a great short-lived solution as things will only become worse from right here on.


One more common pipes trouble that you can expect in your house is leaking faucets. It might appear like a similar problem click this site to leaky pipes, but it's totally different.


Dripping taps should never ever be disregarded as they can squander hundreds of gallons of water per year. Picture the water costs you have to pay for such squandered amount.




Getting The Leak Detection To Work


Sinks typically obtain obstructed with the small bits as well as pieces of food that wash off the meals. In a similar way, washroom sinks are obstructed with soap and knotted hair. Cleaning the sink blockage can be performed in lots of means. You can utilize bettors or you can pour down cooking soft drink or vinegar to get rid of the sink drainpipe.

 

What Does Plumber Do?

The Greatest Guide To Blocked Drain Plumber


At 15,140 drips per gallon, that's a total amount of 5. 7 gallons of lost water a day. That's more than 2,000 gallons a year, which is concerning 8 lots of water literally going right away. These are the numbers for simply a single faucet. If the home has even more than one dripping faucet, the waste promptly multiplies.


That remains in addition to the fact that water as well as metal surfaces do not typically go well together. All that excess water can create patches of rust in pipes as well as various other components. This can cause even extra leakages a lot of which could be undetectable till it's far too late. Similarly, water and timber don't blend well, either.


Wet, deteriorating wood can likewise reproduce mold and mildew, which can create many health and wellness concerns. A combination of rot, corrosion and mold and mildew can be devastating for the structural honesty of your home. Repairing a trickling faucet and protecting against all these problems can be as easy as putting in new O-rings, however it additionally depends on the kind of faucet you have.




Plumber for Beginners




 


That still wastes water, albeit at a much-reduced rate. A plumbing professional will certainly be able to set you. Occasionally, the commode will certainly run only momentarily or 2, intermittently. This is the famous "haunted bathroom" that appears to have a ghost purging it. Many of the moment, nevertheless, the reason it does this is all too actual: a damaged stopper.


: If water or sewage backs up in numerous areas within the home, something is seriously wrong. The large trouble with drainpipe obstructions is that the pipes that become obstructed are hidden behind plaster or drywall. Because these pipelines usually bend and also curve around load-bearing architectural elements of your residence, they can be tough to get to as well as take care of also when a professional is on the job - Plumbing Services.




9 Simple Techniques For Blocked Drain Plumber


Corrosion, corrosion, or sediment in the storage tank much more common in locations with difficult water should be cleaned out for your tank to operate correctly, as well as that requires a specialist. A leaking water heating unit, nevertheless, can not be repaired.


Pipes, whether steel or PVC, can be changed a lot easier than a whole system. An expert plumbing will not only have the ability to encourage you on the very best program of action, however additionally to check my source do the repair or repairs on every little thing from a dripping pipe under the sink to signs of a near-gusher behind the hallway drywall.


It's feasible that you have low water pressure from the utility, which can be inspected conveniently with a pressure gauge. If you run the dishwasher as well as water the lawn, your shower may not be so fantastic.




4 Easy Facts About Plumber Explained


To discover out if the reduced stress exists throughout the residence, check different locations, one at a time. Inspect your water valve. It can just be halfway open. Run each tap and showerhead as well as make note of any type of with reduced stress. If there's simply one place with low pressure, that particular component or set of pipes is possibly obstructed somehow.


There are 2 sort of water pipe breaks. The public shipment line itself can break. Second, the shipment line from the public primary that brings water to your residence could damage. In the situation of the former, it's not your issue. The community where you live is in charge of fixing that.




Plumbers PerthPlumber
These water major problems are the most significant jobs any kind of plumbing technician will certainly ever before take on. Depending on the age of your home, it may i was reading this even be an excellent suggestion to replace decades-old pipelines with newer, harder pipes.




The smart Trick of Blocked Drain Plumber That Nobody is Talking About


 


While pipes and fixtures can trigger issues at or underground level on your residential or commercial property, faulty downspouts can be problematic both listed below as well as above ground. If they come to be disconnected or the connections come to be stressed or busted, water can seep down around the structure. This can trigger sweating wall surfaces and foundation damages listed below the ground.


As soon as the rain quits, as check an example, a clogged up and also overflowing rain gutter can be duped your house as the water freezes into hefty ice. Such damages can destroy the side of your roofing system, necessitating much more repairs than you also wan na think of needing to do. It's critical to keep the rain gutters totally free from debris and also trash to ensure that they can stream easily and eliminate water from around your house.


If your gutters are clean, yet they still overflow, you could have a slope problem. Water stains in your basement are what's left behind after you have a flood or various other destructive water issue (Plumbers Perth).




The smart Trick of Plumbers Perth That Nobody is Talking About


Plumbing ServicesPlumber Perth
One overflowing seamless gutter, for instance, can create water to seep right into your cellar and wreck your brand-new drywall. If the water discolorations are substantial, it could be prudent not only to replace the tarnished materials however likewise to examine the sturdiness of any kind of various other materials to which the tarnished items may have been affixed.

 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15